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Originally developed in Russia, Selank is a short, heptapeptide which serves as a synthetic counterpart to tuftsin, which is a naturally occurring immunomodulatory peptide that regulates T helper cells, interleukin (IL) 6, monoamine neurotransmitters and others.
Selank is a heptapeptide developed in Russia. It is also a synthetic analogue of a peptide called Tuftsin. The research confirms the importance of Tuftsin and its derivatives as well as analogues such as Selank. Most of these substances showed anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Tuftsin can also be used to prepare fusion proteins as a part of cancer therapy.
Furthermore, certain researchers have made much progress and found encouraging effects of Selank on morphological parameters in chronic stress. Clinical studies have also shown that Selank had an anxiolytic effect comparable to the benzodiazepine drugs. The molecular mechanism of the impact of Selank may also be related to its ability to affect the performance of the GABAergic system. Additionally, studies confirmed the hypothesis that the peptide may affect the interaction of GABA with GABAA receptors. It was shown that Selank also influences serotonin metabolism in many ways.
Researchers suggested that Selank affects the [3H]GABA binding as a positive allosteric modulator. The joint action of Selank and some other benzodiazepines also regulates the activity of [3H]GABA binding in a specific way, which is not cumulative and is different from peptide to peptide individually.
Selank can block the modulatory activity of Diazepam and Olanzapine, yet their location and peptide binding sites are not the same, but they could potentially partially overlap. Studies hypothesized that one of the Selank anti-anxiety molecular mechanisms can be associated with subtype-selective concentration-dependent allosteric modulation of GABA receptors.
White laboratory male rats, all previously separated based on the type of emotional reactivity, were used to study the effects of Selank on the behavioral manifestations of emotional stress created by a conflict situation. Peptides, in general, showed positive emotional effects and antistress actions. Individual physiologically significant effects were seen due to the molecular structures of the study peptides. The study results demonstrate the potential for the synthesis of peptide compounds with predictable directions of pharmacological actions and safety for wide use.
Immunomodulation is one of the significant therapeutic methods. It includes both stimulation and suppression of the immune system by many substances called immunomodulators. Those compounds are designed to regulate the organism’s immune response against infections from different etiology factors. An example of a substance like this is Tuftsin and some of his analogues.
According to new research, Selank causes a transcriptomic response in the rat hippocampus and spleen cells. Selank may participate in the regulation of inflammatory processes in the body.
Several researches have been conducted to examine the effect of Selank and two of its fragments on the expression of genes involved in inflammation processes. Scientists analyzed the expression of genes involved in mouse spleen 6 and 24 hours after the Selank single intraperitoneal administration. They found changes in the expression of almost half of the genes that were analyzed. The Bcl6 gene, which plays a central role in the formation and development of the immune system, showed significant changes in its expression levels in response.
Additionally, research showed that Selank caused a number of alterations in the expression of genes that play the main role in inflammation. This complex and significant biological effect of Selank may be partially determined by its systematic impact on genomic expression.
The effect of Selank on the learning and memory processes has been experimentally studied on rats. Also, this study showed that Selank can affect the metabolism of serotonin.
Selank or saline was administered, and elaboration of the conditioned reflex with a food reward was continued 30 minutes later. Retention was tested 24 hours, 7, and 30 days after Selank’s administration. A single dose of Selank activated the serotonin metabolism in the hypothalamus and caudal brain stem cells for 30 minutes to 2 hours.
Scientists concluded that Selank induces and increases memory trace stability. With that knowledge, Selank, when administered, can enhance memory storage processes. That activity of the Selank is probably caused by its effect on the level of serotonin and its metabolite, especially in the brain.
According to different studies and medical researchers, Selank, heptapeptide, and synthetic analogues of Tuftsin showed potential benefits as immunomodulators, as well as affecting T-helper cells and regulating them.
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